Unanswered Problems With Argumentative Social Issues Exposed

Unanswered Problems With Argumentative Social Issues Exposed Researching the topic permits you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you really like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. There are a couple main things you want to be aware of before you even begin picking social issues essay topics. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics since you need opposing points you could counter to your own points. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. Odds are, all you have to do is relax and locate a topic you're passionate about and, obviously, one that's debatable. Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't difficult to discover. Affordable essay writing services make certain that the best of the expert essays are provided to the students. Last word of advice is to ask your teacher before the last decision about the subject selection for argumentative essays. Public schools which do not receive high standardized test scores aren't being funded sufficiently to actually reach the utmost level of education their students ought to be receiving. A respectable area of study being opt by students, who would like to project their careers in the identical field. As stated, education is the sole method to level the playing field of chances between the wealthy and the poor. You have to come across decent evidence to strengthen your ideas and examples to illustrate the evidence. Argumentative Social Issues: No Longer a Mystery Social issues have always been an essential part of the human condition. Social networking is a rising trends on the planet today. The social networking networks are really good since they enable you to stay in contact with the said family. Advertising and the media are now nearly inseparable from society for a whole. Especially, it's important that we understand and regulate the usage of social networking by young children. Following that, you could begin a particular profitable business like food house or a little store that doesn't require you a lot of capital so you won't find it challenging to save enough money from the services which you're offering. Now, a great deal of individuals are using social media like Facebook, Twitter, Tumbler and so forth. In light of the simple fact which our society is media saturated, parents should know about the beneficial and negative effects of media to children. The Tried and True Method for Argumentative Social Issues in Step by Step Detail Utilize all you know to reveal your comprehension of the planet, and bring out good old philosophical theories. Dependent on the record of UNICEF, over fifty percent of the children all around the world are malnourished. When you look around, you're observe social issues that affect society each day. Get out a sheet of paper and a pen and get started scribbling down every thought linked to your undertaking. Lies You've Been Told About Argumentative Social Issues Before submitting your assignment, you want to be sure that it's flawless and error-free. Law dissertations and essays desire a good support and understanding of law because, not everyone is able to make amendments to it. You will be assigned a topic, or your professor will allow you to select your own. Law is believed to be an esteemed discipline that's much of humanitarian in nature. Some teens are so involved in the digital world of internet gaming and media they don't really look closely at things and issues around them. The ease and simplicity of access contributes to social media and network addictions. Some folks using social networking networks as a means to attach with the outside world. The Argumentative Social Issues Trap Population growth is likewise the reason behind several malnourish children in the Phi lippines. Poverty has also given rise to a different class called squatters. Deforestation is thought to be directly associated with the matter of global warming. Achieving any substantial decrease in poverty will call for rapid financial growth, growth of a magnitude not seen in the past couple of years. Hunger is a rather obvious social Issue. The development of Islamophobia and right wing politics is an expanding challenge globally. Absence of education is among the more important reasons why there is poverty in the nation. Attempt to persuade a person who might disagree with you about three things they can do in order to handle racism today. Pay close attention to all things electronic, and you will be certain to find something debatable of what you see. When you're picking your topic, remember that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. Just like anything, there'll be disadvantages and it's going to be utilised to do things that it wasn't originally intended. Persuasive or argumentative essays are supposed to convince the audience of ones viewpoint about a specific topic. Argumentative writings is a particular sort of a paper. Today there are lots of subjects obtainable for those s eeking to compose good, argumentative essays.

Research Paper on the Fine Arts (Film) Shakespeare in Love

Fine art can be distinguished from applied arts due to its primary use for aesthetics and ever since the 17th century the term has been referred to art forms. Five main forms of fine arts include sculpture, architecture, music, painting and poetry. In modern times, fine art has encompassed several other forms such as photography, printmaking, and film. Fine arts in terms of film often refer to motion pictures, and the concept of film as a type of fine art form. The process of producing films can be done by the recording of images with cameras, or by constructing images using different animation techniques or different special effects. One of the reasons why film can be considered as a significant art form is due to the being a source of popular entertainment, and this includes the ability of being able to educate the masses. An example of a film delving the fine arts form is Shakespeare in Love. 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Compare the attitudes to love presented in the poems To His Coy Mistress, by Andrew Marvell, and Porphyrias Lover, by Robert Browning Essay Example For Students

Compare the attitudes to love presented in the poems To His Coy Mistress, by Andrew Marvell, and Porphyrias Lover, by Robert Browning Essay Andrew Marvell and Robert Browning were both great love poets in their time, and although the times were very different, their attitudes to love were sometimes very similar. Marvells poem, To his Coy Mistress, was written in a very romantic period where many hyperboles were used, and sex out of marriage, which is partly the main context of Marvells poem, was very much frowned upon, and the woman was tainted. Very little is known about Marvells personal life, although it is stated that he wasnt married, but after he died a woman claimed to be his wife so that she got rights to his property and manuscripts. He was writing in the metaphysical era. Robert Browning, on the other hand, married Elizabeth Barrat, who also composed poetry, and had a son. He was writing in the Victorian era, which was a time of high morals, values and religious scepticism, and at this time this kind of poetry would have caused great excitement. Both of the poems look at love in different ways, but they both portray the same element; time, or carpe diem- seize the day. Marvell has a very physical attitude to love, focussing on appearance and age, whereas Browning looks very much at psychological love. In To his Coy Mistress, the main content of the poem is that the writer, who isnt necessarily Marvell, is trying to woe his mistress into sleeping with him. He is telling her that they should stop talking about it, and actually get on with it. In contrast, Porphyrias Lover concentrates on how Porphyrias lover is trying to preserve the moment, as it cant get any better, therefore killing her. As with To his Coy it is highly unlikely that it is Brownings viewpoint portrayed in the poem. Both poems are written from a male perspective. To his Coy.. is written in a very persuasive way, with lots of romantic metaphors, and quite a pressurising tone. On the other hand, Porphyrias.. is quite psychotic, with a constant sense of foreboding up to when he kills her. Both poets use a wide variety of language techniques in their poems, some the same and some different. In To his Coy Mistress, Marvell uses a lot of metaphysical conceits to try and persuade his mistress that he is the best and only lover for her; I would love you ten years before the flood; For lady, you deserve this state, nor would I love at lower rate. In both of these stanzas the character is exaggerating his love, saying that it knows no bounds, and that his mistress will not find better love anywhere. Porphyrias Lover is not a metaphysical poem, yet it still contains hyperboles and the components found in one; at last I knew Porphyria worshipped me; surprise made my heart swell. The attitude to love portrayed here is definitely male-dominated, with both characters showing off their love. Both poems use a lot of personification; in To his Coy he personifies his love, my vegetable love should grow vaster than empires; this is obviously also a hyperbole. In Porphyrias Lover, the character too personifies love by saying for all her hearts endeavour to set its struggling passion free. By personifying love this shows that both poets have a very strong attitude towards it, as they are expressing and exaggerating it, making it into a real thing which they can embrace and care for. At the beginning of Porphyrias Lover, there is a lot of personification of the weather, the sullen wind was still awake, and a pathetic fallacy. .uf81ab19a3e5f4f1e5c436152e52e3d07 , .uf81ab19a3e5f4f1e5c436152e52e3d07 .postImageUrl , .uf81ab19a3e5f4f1e5c436152e52e3d07 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf81ab19a3e5f4f1e5c436152e52e3d07 , .uf81ab19a3e5f4f1e5c436152e52e3d07:hover , .uf81ab19a3e5f4f1e5c436152e52e3d07:visited , .uf81ab19a3e5f4f1e5c436152e52e3d07:active { border:0!important; } .uf81ab19a3e5f4f1e5c436152e52e3d07 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf81ab19a3e5f4f1e5c436152e52e3d07 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf81ab19a3e5f4f1e5c436152e52e3d07:active , .uf81ab19a3e5f4f1e5c436152e52e3d07:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf81ab19a3e5f4f1e5c436152e52e3d07 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf81ab19a3e5f4f1e5c436152e52e3d07 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf81ab19a3e5f4f1e5c436152e52e3d07 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf81ab19a3e5f4f1e5c436152e52e3d07 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf81ab19a3e5f4f1e5c436152e52e3d07:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf81ab19a3e5f4f1e5c436152e52e3d07 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf81ab19a3e5f4f1e5c436152e52e3d07 .uf81ab19a3e5f4f1e5c436152e52e3d07-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf81ab19a3e5f4f1e5c436152e52e3d07:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The first is called woman work EssayIt continues to say and did its worst to vex the lake which, as the poem continues, is exactly what Porphyria does to the character; he is sat at home quite calmly, but when she comes in he is stirred up, like the wind whipping at the lake. The attitude to love expressed here is that when youre in love with someone everything changes as soon as they are around you. In To his Coy Mistress, Marvell uses a lot of persuasion to try and get his desired affect (his lady to sleep with him). Firstly, he excessively flatters her; an hundred years should go to praise thine eyes and on thy forehead gaze which is obviously a hyperbole, as it would be impossible to worship her eyes and forehead for 100 years. Secondly, he scares her; Nor, in the marble vault shall sound, my echoing song; then worms shall try that long preserved virginity, basically warning her that if she doesnt hurry up and get together with him she will die a virgin because no-one will want to sleep with her when shes old and has lost her beauty. Finally, he embraces her love, saying that if they do get together they will have the best time of their lives together; Now let us sport us while we may, and now, like amorous birds of prey. The poet has a very open and overdramatic attitude to love, which is typical of the metaphysical era due to the hyperboles. In Porphyrias Lover, the poet uses caesuras every time Porphyrias name is mentioned, for example When glided in Porphyria: straight. I knew Porphyria worshipped me: surprise. Porphyrias love: she guessed not how. I think this shows that he thinks of her, treasuring her whenever he says her name. However, in To his Coy.. we never learn the womans name, and neither women get a say in either of the poems. This shows how male-dominated love is, and that there were many sexist attitudes to love in the past that the man had authority over the woman. In Porphyrias Lover, the characters roles are reversed halfway throughout the poem. In the first verse, Porphyria is very active; she shut the cold out from the storm and kneeled and made the cheerless grate blaze up and the character speaking is very passive, doing the barest minimum apart from watching her; and, last, she sat down by my side and called me. When no voice replied, she put my arm about her waist. When Porphyria rests upon the character, and upon his realisation and his killing her, the roles are reversed and obviously she is passive because shes dead and he is active; I propped her head up as before, only, this time my shoulder bore her head, which droops upon it still. This portrays a casual attitude to love, that only one of the two people is active, showing that one has control over the other at any time. The last rhyming couplet in To his Coy Mistress quotes thus, though we cannot make our sun stand still yet we will make him run which I interpreted as him saying that although their time together isnt infinite they will make most of it. There is also a pun on sun to son, maybe saying that it would be a bad idea for the woman to become pregnant if they arent married as she will be tainted for life. In the rhyming couplet at the end of Porphyrias Lover, the character is assuring himself that he has done the right thing by killing her; and all night long we have not stirred, and yet God has not said a word! this is an ambiguous statement because it could either mean that he thinks God doesnt mind as he isnt being punished or that he doesnt think God exists. I have already briefly mentioned the structure of To his Coy Mistress, but although it has three clear sections it may be one long stanza. In Porphyrias Lover, the main structure is in two stanzas, one in which Porphyria is active an d the character is passive and they are then reversed in the second stanza. Porphyrias Lover is octosyllabic, in lyric form, with a regular rhyme and rhythm and enjambment at the beginning. .u62b7dabb9fe6c6a391a1ffad1e4111af , .u62b7dabb9fe6c6a391a1ffad1e4111af .postImageUrl , .u62b7dabb9fe6c6a391a1ffad1e4111af .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u62b7dabb9fe6c6a391a1ffad1e4111af , .u62b7dabb9fe6c6a391a1ffad1e4111af:hover , .u62b7dabb9fe6c6a391a1ffad1e4111af:visited , .u62b7dabb9fe6c6a391a1ffad1e4111af:active { border:0!important; } .u62b7dabb9fe6c6a391a1ffad1e4111af .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u62b7dabb9fe6c6a391a1ffad1e4111af { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u62b7dabb9fe6c6a391a1ffad1e4111af:active , .u62b7dabb9fe6c6a391a1ffad1e4111af:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u62b7dabb9fe6c6a391a1ffad1e4111af .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u62b7dabb9fe6c6a391a1ffad1e4111af .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u62b7dabb9fe6c6a391a1ffad1e4111af .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u62b7dabb9fe6c6a391a1ffad1e4111af .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u62b7dabb9fe6c6a391a1ffad1e4111af:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u62b7dabb9fe6c6a391a1ffad1e4111af .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u62b7dabb9fe6c6a391a1ffad1e4111af .u62b7dabb9fe6c6a391a1ffad1e4111af-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u62b7dabb9fe6c6a391a1ffad1e4111af:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Arthur and Gerald alone EssayThe character is also telling the story after it has happened. In To his Coy Mistress, the character is telling the story as it happens. In both poems, subjective thoughts are expressed. In conclusion, I think that the main attitudes to love are preserving the time the lovers have together. However, To his Coy Mistress is about seizing the day and getting on with it, whereas Porphyrias Lover is about seizing the moment and preserving it, even if it is in a psychotic way.

Mother-Daughter Relationship in Seventeen Syllables and Everyday Use Essay Example

Mother-Daughter Relationship in Seventeen Syllables and Everyday Use Paper In â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†, written by Hisaye Yamamoto, and â€Å"Everyday Use†, written by Alice Walker, the relationship between the mother and the daughter is portrayed. In â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†, the protagonist, Rosie is an American born Japanese (Nisei) who does not understand well about the Japanese culture, whereas her Issei mother, Mrs. Hayashi was born and raised in Japan and married to America. Mrs. Hayashi loves writing haiku, a traditional Japanese poetry, to escape from the reality of her loveless marriage. In â€Å"Everyday Use†, Mama is a traditional Afro-American woman, who receives little education and raised her two daughters by doing ‘man’s job’. Dee instead influenced by the Black Power Movement, tried to trace back her African root. She learned the African culture and changed her name into Wangero. This essay hopes to explore the similarities and differences of the mother-daughter relationship depicted in these two short stories, which is Rosie and Mrs. Hayashi, and Dee and Mama respectively. To start with, one of the similarities is that there is alienation in the two pairs due to cultural differences. In â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†, Rosie represents the American culture and Mrs. Hayashi represents the Japanese culture. Rosie was born and raised in America and English is her mother language; whereas her mother, Mrs. Hayashi ‘had even less English, no French’ as her mother tongue is Japanese. She came to America as a picture bride to deveop a loveless marriage with Rosie’s father and her Japanese culture is deep-rooted. She loves to write haiku, which Rosie fails to understand it. She thinks â€Å"English lay ready on the tongue but Japanese had to be searched for and examined. Due to their difference in cultural background, Rosie finds it difficult to communicate with her mother. She has to ‘pretended to understand the haiku thoroughly and appreciate it no end’ when her mother reads her the haiku she wrote. Therefore, she turns out communicating less with her mother and fakes her mother by â€Å"saying yes yes, even when one meant no, no. â €  This can be seen when Mrs. Hayashi asks Rosie to comment on the haiku she writes, and Rosie replies in a perfunctory way. There is deception from Rosie to Mrs. Hayashi as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Mother-Daughter Relationship in Seventeen Syllables and Everyday Use specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mother-Daughter Relationship in Seventeen Syllables and Everyday Use specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mother-Daughter Relationship in Seventeen Syllables and Everyday Use specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Similarly, there is also alienation between the mother and the daughter, Mama and Dee in â€Å"Everyday Use† due to cultural differences. Mama represents a normal woman in the Afro-American culture; whereas Dee denies her original culture of an Afro- American and learns the African culture due to Black Power Movement. Mama, as a Black American, lives in the rural South of the States and receives little education only. Mama is strong and does quilting at home. Dee, on the other hand, adapts an African culture which she learns from books and her peers. However, this African culture is vague and superficial. This can be seen when she changes her name from Dee to Wangero because she â€Å"couldn’t bear to be named after the people who oppress [her]†, but ‘Wangero’ in fact is a mispelt name of an African language. Due to their differences in cultural beliefs, they have different views and perspectives on things and heritages like quilts and churn. Mama thinks that according to tradition, churn and quilts are for everyday and practical use. But to Wangero, quilts are in fact dead object and should be appreciated as an art work. Their different view on things lead to alienation between the mother and the daughter. Another similarity is that this inter-generational difference both leads to isolation and difficulty in understanding each other in the two stories. In â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†, Rosie, as an Americanized girl, lacks interest in learning and understanding haiku or Japanese culture as a whole. Even when she goes over to see the Hayano family, she and the four sisters discusses the new coat in English and lacks the Japanese manners which is deep-seeded in the Japanese culture. This difference in lifestyle and habits cause her hard to communicate with her traditional Japanese mother. The conflict between Rosie and Mrs. Hayashi mirrors the conflicts between the Issei and Nisei. The Nisei generation, who knows â€Å"formal Japanese by fits and starts†, has totally no interest on the traditional Japanese culture. However, the Issei generation sticks to their original culture and even starts magazines to trace back their life in Japan. As a result, the two generations, the Issei, Mrs. Hayashi and the Nisei, Rosie find it difficult to understand each other. It results in the isolation of the two generation. In â€Å"Everyday Use†, there is also isolation and oppression between the mother-daughter relationship of Mama and Dee. After Dee grows up and receives education, it makes her differ from the rest of the family who only stays in the sub-urban area and receives less or no education. She is exposed to the values of the new world with civil rights and equality, which Mama has totally no idea of what they are. Dee has greater visibility and zero tolerance for equality. Also, Dee has a sense of autonomy and individuality after receiving education. These are the things that Mama has not got in touch with before. Therefore, it leads to them not understanding the action of each other. For example, Dee wants to use the churn top and quilts as artistic uses and she do not understand why they are â€Å"backward enough to put them to everyday use†. Mama however sees the churn top as a kind of heritage which has been used for generation. It is the most appropriated to use it practically. Their difference in interpretation and knowledge of civil rights make Dee isolated herself from Mama and the family. It also leads to difficulty in understanding of another person’s acts. Although there are similarities regarding the mother-daughter relationship in the two set stories, there are also some differences in their relationship. In â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†, Rosie, the Nisei daughter falls victim to the mother’s experience. At that time, Rosie is struggling whether she should accept the love from Jesus or not. When Jesus kisses her, she â€Å"fell for the entirely victim to a helplessness delectable beyond speech†. However, toward the end of the story, her mother reveals her past experience to Rosie. Although Rosie do not want to know the truth which â€Å"would combine with the other violence of the hot afternoon to level her life to the very ground†, Mrs. Hayashi still tells Rosie the story about her and her young lover. She asks Rosie to promise her not to get marry as well as she do not want her daughter to face the same destiny. Rosie is in the dilemma of whether to reject Jesus and follows her mother’s word, or still follows her heart to tell Jesus how she feels. From this, we can see that the daughter falls victim to the mother’s past of whether starting a relationship or not. However, in â€Å"Everyday Use†, it is the mother, Mama who falls victim to the daughter, Dee’s experience instead. Dee, after receiving education, starts to use her knowledge to dominate the family. She gets in touch with others through schooling and education, which Maggie and Mama do not have the chance to do so. However, Mama actually thinks that these new ideas and knowledge that she has never known cause them fear and intimidation instead. It is described by Mama that Dee â€Å"washed us in a river of make-believe and burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn’t necessarily need to know†. Mama even thinks that they are â€Å"trapped† underneath Dee’s voice when she told them the things she learned in school. Dee uses her intellect to intimidate others, such as greeting her mother with a language Mama do not speak. These knowledge has even posted a threat to the simple world Mama and Maggie is living and separated Dee from her family. This divisive power of education leads to her mother falls victim to Dee’s experience. To conclude, there are similarities and differences in the mother-daughter relationship in â€Å"Seventeen Syllables† and â€Å"Everyday Use†. The two pairs, Mama and Dee, and Mrs. Hayashi and Rosie, are both alienated and lack of understanding of each other due to cultural and inter-generational differences. However, the victims in these two relationships are different. In â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†, the daughter struggles from the mother’s experiences; but in â€Å"Everyday Use†, it is the mother instead who struggles from the knowledge the daughter forces to her which she thinks is unnecessary and hard to understand.

Bill Peet, Author and Illustrator of Childrens Books

Bill Peet, Author and Illustrator of Childrens Books As well known as Bill Peet became for his childrens books, Peet was even more well known for his work at Walt Disney Studios as an animator and writer for major Disney movies. Its not often that a person achieves national recognition in two careers but such was the case with Bill Peet who truly was a man of many talents. Early Life of Bill Peet Bill Peet was born William Bartlett Peed (later changing his last name to Peet)  on January 29, 1915, in rural Indiana. He grew up in Indianapolis and from childhood on was always drawing. In fact, Peet often got in trouble for doodling in school, but one teacher encouraged him, and his interest in art continued. He received his art education through an art scholarship to John Herron Art Institute, which is now a part of Indiana University. Career at Disney In 1937, when he was 22 years old, Bill Peet began working for Walt Disney Studios and shortly thereafter married Margaret Brunst. Despite clashes with Walt Disney, Peet stayed at  Walt Disney Studios for 27 years. While he started as an animator, Peet quickly became known for his ability to develop a story, having honed his storytelling abilities telling nightly stories to his two sons. Bill Peet worked on such animated classics as Fantasia, Song of the South, Cinderella, The Jungle Book. 101 Dalmatians, The Sword in the Stone and other Disney movies. While still working at Disney, Peet began writing childrens books. His first book was published in 1959. Unhappy with the way Walt Disney treated his employees, Peet finally left Disney Studios in 1964 to become a full-time writer of childrens books. Childrens Books by Bill Peet Bill Peets illustrations were at the heart of his stories. Even his autobiography for children is illustrated. Peets love for animals and his sense of the ridiculous, coupled with a concern for the environment and for the feelings of others, make his books effective on several levels: as enjoyable stories and as gentle lessons on caring for the earth and getting along with one another. His clever illustrations, in pen and ink and colored pencil, often feature funny looking imaginary animals, like the wumps, the kweeks and the fandangos. Many of Peets 35 books are still available at public libraries and bookstores. A number of his books are award winners. His own story, Bill Peet: An Autobiography, was designated a Caldecott Honor book in 1990 in recognition of the quality of Peets illustrations. While most of Peets books are picture books, Capyboppy is designed for intermediate readers and is 62 pages long. This entertaining book is the true story of the capybara who lived with Bill and Margaret Peet and their children. We discovered the book, which has black and white drawings on every page, just at the time our local zoo acquired a capybarra and that gave it a good deal of extra meaning for us. Other childrens books by Bill Peet include The Wump World, Cyrus the Unsinkable Sea Serpent, The Wingdingdilly, Chester, The Worldly Pig, The Caboose Who Got Loose, How Droofus the Dragon Lost His Head and his last book, Cock-a-Doodle Dudley. Bill Peet died on May 11, 2002, at home in Studio City, California at the age of 87. However, his artistry lives on in his movies and his many childrens books that have sold millions and continue to be enjoyed by children in the United States and many other countries. Sources Homepage for Bill PeetIMDb: Bill PeetNash, Eric P. â€Å"Bill Peet, 87, Disney Artist And Childrens Book Author.†Ã‚  The New York Times, The New York Times, 18 May 2002.

Outline Note Taking. Make Studying Easier

Outline Note Taking. Make Studying Easier It’s easy to reach information-overload at college, especially when the professor talks too fast, or when you are doing final preparations for an exam. To make things tougher your brain needs time to file the information for remembering later. This all adds up to the need to organize the data right from the beginning. Outline note taking is one way to achieve this. Look Through a Practical Example Let’s assume you would like to summarize â€Å"outline note taking† as a possible examination question, in which case you might set it out in layers like this. Notice the main thoughts are down the left hand margin, with the lowest levels at the far right. Let’s use the same outline for the rest of this blog to help you get a feel and cement your understanding. Introduction to Outline Note Taking Outline note taking is a study method that uses an outline to logically structure a block of information, and make the details easier to retrieve from memory later. The data could come from a lecture, a tutorial, a textbook, or your own ideas as you get to grip with a topic. Making summary notes is as old as written history, for example the hieroglyphics on Inca and Egyptian pyramid walls. The ancients did not have space to write everything down so they created symbols for the key concepts. Outline note taking at college has a related purpose. There is so much information coming out of class you don’t have time to write it down. If you did, how would you find it in a box full of notebooks and scraps of paper? It makes so much more sense to jot down the teacher’s thoughts in a logical set of headings. That way, you can concentrate on what they are saying. Outline note taking is also a great way to summarize a chapter in a textbook so you get to see the bigger picture, and understand the overall message. How This Method Works Use a pencil and have an eraser handy because you are going to make changes throughout the process. You need to separate the main topic from the lower order ones. This is not always as easy as it seems. For example, the lecturer’s thinking may not be logical from your perspective, or the textbook chapter not directly related to your major. Most students put the key thoughts on the left and the minor ones to the right. This is entirely a matter of choice and you can do this the other way around or from top to bottom if you like. Whichever way you go it is important to use a separator between the words and phrases, so you know where one ends and the next one begins. I used a grid. Bullets, numbers, highlighter colors are equally good. Practical Application of Outline Note Taking Capturing key thoughts in the appropriate boxes is the secret to outline note taking that works. For example, if your teacher says, â€Å"Today we are going to discuss the political implications of the Civil War† you could outline it this way: There are no model answers. What works for you is right. As long as you are flexible, are not hogtied to an early idea and keep that eraser handy, you will do fine and get your mind around outline note taking soon. The words in the titles are incredibly important because they trigger your memory later of the details you are summarizing. If you are a history student, then ‘U.S. Civil War’ could be advisable. Which do you think is best: consequences, penalties or implications? This is not just semantics. Outline note taking is about words and their meanings. You may find it helpful to use ‘cue words’ as further memory triggers where the outline titles are broad. Here’s a worked example to illustrate what we mean. Again, these are just loose thoughts. Do you remember the definition earlier? Outline note taking is a study method that uses an outline to logically structure a block of information, and make the details easier to remember later. So next time you do your homework, try taking notes the outline way. See for yourself how useful that will be.

George Herbert Mead Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

George Herbert Mead - Essay Example generally, which arouse in the individual himself the response which he is calling out in the other, and such that from the point of view of that response he is able to direct his later conduct." The gesture of one individual is his response to the symbols being shown by the society. This is where the reaction of an individual comes from. Symbols always presuppose the ability of each participant in a communicative process to visualize his own performance from the standpoint of the others, to take the role of the others. In nonsymbolic interaction human beings, like animals, respond directly to one another. In symbolic interaction, where they use significant gestures, they interpret each other's attitudes and act on the basis of the meaning yielded by such interpretations. In Mead's work individual responses on the way he sees the society. It is the society that dictates his actions and responses to one another. The society has somewhat really influenced me as an individual. ... rates nonsignificant (unself-conscious) gestures, as found on the animal level, from the significant (self-conscious) gestures that characterize most human intercourse. As an individual I usually act based on intuition. What the situation or the symbols presented to me is my cue as to what my decision would be. I have learned from George Mead writing's that interpretation is important. Interpreting once gesture or symbol would lead to a better communication. However sometimes simple reaction that is not intentionally done would result in problems and wrong interpretation. That makes me think that Mead maybe had a personal experiences on the symbols and action that he has mentioned on his writing. For me what is important is how you convey your message to others. A simple tap on the shoulder of your friend would mean that you are on his side whenever he has a problem. Or others would interpret it differently. Mead had shown me the difference in the reaction of human to non human. Anim als would behave differently than man. Sometimes animals would not show any signs that he is going to attack you, while human can show that he is going to attack by his facial reactions and gestures. The communicative process includes the self conscious adjustment of the person to the conduct of others. The responses to each other conduct would include definition, redefinition and interpretation and reinterpretation. Experience is not first individual and then social. Each individual is continually involved in a succession of joint enterprises with others, which form and shape his mind. Consciousness is not a given; it is emergent. People would blame television and media when something bad happen. This resulted in many survey being done by several organization on the influence of media

LOVE. Review the NHS changes proposed in the Health and Social Care Essay

LOVE. Review the NHS changes proposed in the Health and Social Care Bill now proceeding through Parliament and evaluate how these reforms are to address the problems with the Service - Essay Example The reduction of inequalities in the provision of health and social care is highlighted as one of the focus areas for the secretary of state under the new Bill (Dow 2011, p13). In addition, the Bill proposes that the provision of comprehensive health services which include various aspects of health care including mental and physical through proper diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. This aspect proposes that quality of services in the health sector is raised to meet the standards set for continuous improvement in the health sector. The Bill proposes that the level of public contribution to health and social care service provision is increased (Crisp n.d., p4). Public proposals for development of the services provided are to be highlighted and considered by the NHS Commissioning Board in decisions affecting health care services. The Board will be mandated with establishing of various platforms to involve the public in the identification of the needs of the specific needs and approaches needed for improvement. Establishment of the Public Health England will be the focus of the improvement of public health care provision. The roles of the Local Authorities and commissioners of health in the provision of health and social care services are expected to be integrated under the Bill. In view of the need to provide a coordinated service, the government will eliminate unnecessary costs of duplication and offer the benefits of synergies. It is important that scrutiny of the services offered of such diverse service providers is introduced in the improvement proposed by the Bill since accountability issues derail quality service (ACKA Consulting 2008, p1). The Bill undertakes to offer regulatory authority for the various types of health and social care practitioners as required in a functional system. It is important that the professionals involved in the health care and social sector be regulated for conformity with quality and improvement as

Greek Mythology and Perseus Essay Example for Free

Greek Mythology and Perseus Essay King Acrisius of Argos has a stunningly beautiful daughter but wants a son, so he prays to the gods. Apollo tells him not only that Acrisius will never have a son, but also that the son of his daughter will kill him. The only way to fully prevent this prophecy would be to kill his daughter, Danae, but Acrisius fears what the gods would do to him. Instead, he imprisons Danae in a bronze house without a roof and guards her carefully. Arcisius does not expect, however, that Zeus will come to her and impregnate her. Perseus is born, and after Acrisius discovers the baby, he puts Perseus and Danae in a box and sets it out in the ocean. Luckily (or thanks to Zeus), the box washes up on a small island, where a kind fisherman named Dictys takes Danae and Perseus in. They live happily until Dictyss brother, King Polydectes, falls in love with Danae and decides to get rid of her son. Polydectes convinces Perseus to kill the Medusa, a horrifying beast with snakes for hair. But this feat seems impossible because whoever looks at the snakes will turn instantly to stone. Hermes gives Perseus guidance and a sword stronger than the Medusas scales. He tells Perseus that to fight the Medusa Perseus will need special equipment from the Nymphs of the North. Their location is a mystery, and Perseus must ask the Gray Women, three sisters who live in a gray land and are gray themselves. They share only one eye among the three, and they alternate using it. Before Perseus sets out to find them, Athena gives him her shield and tells him that he must look at the Medusa through the shield, like a mirror, in order to avoid turning to stone. Perseus finds the Gray Women and steals the eyeball, holding it hostage in exchange for the location of the Nymphs of the North. Hermes helps Perseus travel there, where he finds a land of happy people, always banqueting and celebrating. They give him his three gifts: winged sandals, a magic wallet that changes to the size of whatever its contents, and, most important of all, a magic cap that will turn whoever wears it invisible. With Hermes and Athena at his side, Perseus finds and kills Medusa. He puts the head in his wallet and flies, invisible, back toward his mother. On the way, he passes a beautiful woman chained to a rock, Andromeda, and falls in love with her instantly. She was chained there because her foolish mother had thought herself more beautiful than any goddess, so as punishment the gods told her to chain her daughter to a rock, where she would be eaten by a serpent. Perseus kills the serpent and takes Andromeda home. When he returns to the island, he discovers that Danae and Dictys have gone into hiding because Danae will not marry Polydectes. The evil king, meanwhile, is hosting a banquet with all his supporters. Perseus barges in and holds up the head of Medusa. Unable to look away in time, all the men turn to stone. Perseus finds his mother, makes Dictys king, and marries Andromeda. Optimistic, Perseus and Danae return to Argos to find her father, King Acrisius. They hope that his heart has warmed since he put them in a box out to sea, but when they reach Argos they realize that he fled the land. One day, Perseus competes in a discus-throwing contest. His disc veers far to the side and lands on a spectator in the crowd, killing him instantly. This is Acrisius, in fulfillment of Apollos prophecy. Analysis This famous tale underscores the inescapable nature of fate and prophecies in the course of telling a heros story. Although Acrisius took drastic action to change destiny, short of killing his own daughter he can do nothing to prevent his fate. Perseus is too strong to be kept down and on an island, so it is fitting that his fate is to go on adventures and quests and to be helped by gods. He fits the heroic model of an honorable man overcoming all obstacles to reunite his family and do justice. It is interesting to note that the story does not indicate whether fate or Zeus guided Perseuss box to the island. As in the Creation of Earth, the reader must wonder who is in charge. Is there a difference between fate and Zeus, and if so, what is that boundary? Who controls Zeuss fate? To the extent that Zeus does help Perseus, the story also illustrates the benefits that come with honorable behavior. Zeus, Hermes, and Athena all help Perseus at critical moments, allowing him to successfully complete his missions. Perseus, of course, contributes to his own success as well. Hospitality again proves to be beloved by the gods: Dictys, the fisherman, becomes king. In this way, the story highlights that great people can have humble beginnings. Baucis and Philemon, the most clear examples of humble hospitality, share with Dictys a selflessness that ultimately the gods reward. The gods shower these humble characters with material wealth, but why? If humility and selflessness are important, why would physical wealth be the appropriate reward? Perhaps the answer lies in the context of such physical wealth and what it means to the characters. As Perseus deals with the Gray Women, we see the imaginative nature of Greek mythology. These distinct characters, sharing one eye, all shades of gray, last in the readers mind and expand the universe which the mythology depicts. Moreover, when Perseus actually defeats them, the story underscores the recurring theme of human ingenuity. Perseus, of course, stands as a premiere example of Greek heroism. He overcomes all obstacles to defend his family and exact revenge. He proves honorable and valiant, calm and clever. As he fights for his mothers respect and hopes for his estranged fathers love, he values family and loyalty above all else. Medusa, by contrast, is one of the most famous mythical beings. In her case, it is not beauty but ugliness that causes problems for the observer. She is so terrible that one direct look at her turns a person to stone. Medusa is a direct contrast to the many beautiful characters (Adonis, Narcissus) who appear throughout the tales. In this story, as in other tales of heroes, the Greek myths become adventure tales with unforgettable drama, high stakes, and imaginative characters. Such adventures and quests make eachstory live on throughout time as astounding literature that captures our imagination.

Ethnographic study Essay -- Analysis, Whole Foods Market

This essay is an ethnographic study of Whole Foods Market which is located in Kensington, London. Whole Foods Market is a niche supermarket that sells high quality organic and natural products at high prices. In this essay, I will provide a brief orientation of ethics with regards to the concepts of Corporate Social Responsibility - macroethics and Business Ethics - microethics and the theoretical frameworks of consequentialism, deontology and virtue ethics. I will be using deontology framework in ethics devised by Immanuel Kant to assess if the marketing strategy and the products sold at Whole Foods Market support their principle of ‘organic and natural’. My ethnographic study took place at Whole Foods Market in Kensington, London. Before entering the store, I closely examined the front display windows. The products displayed include very red fresh apples that were in a stack. The apples were placed on a tray and table to provide the product with a lift and increase product visibility for all to see. Merchandised in another window, were books written by several authors whose expertise include organic foods and farming. Behind the stack of books was a poster which had a picture of each book, highlighting the authors’ names and quotes made by the authors in the book. Also posted on the display window was information about the store supporting products made by local farmers in the Kensington area. The products were sold in store and the farmers’ names were written as well as the foods the farmers were selling. Colours used by the organisation with regards to store layout and marketing posters were light brown and green which highlights Whole Foods Market green credentials to existing, new and potential customers. The layout o... ...Market making this a primary issue and placing it in their code of conduct before the business began. Lahdesmaki (2005) argued that marketing can be an ethical contract between businesses and their customers. Therefore businesses are morally obliged to inform their customers about the products in store and provide all the information necessary via marketing strategy so the customer can make informed decisions about their purchase. Whole Foods Market does display qualities of deontology framework in relation to its marketing strategy. The analysis of the organisation and its marketing strategy within deontology theory has been carried out. The supermarket performed its ethical duty by informing customers about the products in store and showing them the preparation area, thereby justifying the high prices the high quality organic and natural products are sold at.

Irc, Cva and Var †New Methods in Basel Essay

I. Introduction Last financial crisis was seen as a strong slap on the global economy. It has awakened Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) about the importance of an aggregation between market and credit risks that banks have to cope with. In accordance with Saunders and Cornett (2011), definition of market risk is â€Å"the risk related to the uncertainty of an FI’s (financial institution) earnings on its trading portfolio caused by changes, and particularly extreme changes, in market conditions†. Interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk are some typical example for market risks (Saunders and Cornett, 2011). Meanwhile, credit risk is defined as risk increased when borrowers, bond issuers and counterparties in derivatives transaction may default (Hull, 2010). According to Madigan (2010), it would be greater risks when credit and market risks associated than the sum of individual factors. Therefore, it might lead to worse impacts to banks’ operations. From the crisis’s consequences, Nout Wellink – chairman of the Basel Committee believes that it is necessary for supervisors to learn experiences from recent events, thus set up new methods for banks to cope with fore problems (Ferry, 2008). These new rules which are reflected in Basel III support each other to efficiently measure and manage correlated risks, thus calculate capital requirement to cover these risks. A report by Goeth (2010) defines Basel III as an extensive set of measures reformed in order to enhance the regulation, supervision and risk management in terms of banking. This report mentions new methods with their strengths, weaknesses and effectiveness to help banks control and measure risks effectively, especially combination of credit and market risks. They are incremental risk charge (IRC), credit valuation adjustment (CVA) and stresses value at risk (VAR) model. II. Incremental Risk Charge – IRC 1. Strengths of Incremental Risk Charge Model In order to avoid crisis, banks must satisfy capital requirement demanded by Basel Committee to cover individual as well as correlated risks. IRC is a method which helps banks to estimate minimum capital needed to cover risks from unsecuritised credit instruments caused by default and migration events (BCBS, 2009b). It means IRC model calculates the maximum risks in the worst case when banks cannot securitise any products. As a result, banks have to set up the suitable capital for their own business and make sure that they can overcome difficulties even in the worst situation. In other words, banks will be safe from default and migration events, and more importantly, they can avoid crisis by using IRC model. In Basel III, with IRC model, risks can be measured for a one-year capital horizon at 99.9% confidence level, instead of a 10-day VAR at the 99% confidence level as in Basel II (Davidson, 2009). The extension of capital horizon is one of IRC’s strengths because it can evaluate and calculate  banks’ risks more effectively and accurately than 10-day VAR. The reason is one-day or 10-day VAR cannot comprise completely large cumulative price variation occurring several weeks or months as well as large daily losses which only happen two or three times per year (BCBS, 2009b). As a result, one-year horizon is the optimal time for banks to rebalance their capital. 2. Weaknesses of Incremental Risk Charge Model Under BCBS’s approval, banks are expected to improve their own IRC models to calculate risks for individual positions or sets of positions (BCBS, 2009b). It means the Committee hopes banks will have their own choice of liquidity horizon which is appropriate with their business without any issued industry benchmarks or standards (Stretton, 2011). However, it leads to inconsistence within banking system. Furthermore, supervisors have to face with more difficulties in process of evaluating banks’ IRC model. Although IRC helps bank to capture risks more effectively, especially when market and credit risks collide, there is a significant weakness still be existing. It is the overlap of counterparty credit risk cooperated with over the counters (OTC) and repo-style transactions between IRC and CVA (Stretton, 2011). As a consequence, it will lead to duplicate capital charge for the banks. Suggested by Linsz (2010) – the corporate Treasurer of Bank of America, the Committee should apply an integrated approach to combine the overlapping risks by deleting the risk above in IRC model, hence build up more accurate capital charge for banks. In fact, Bank of America thinks duplicated capital charge is inappropriate with risk management practices (Linsz, 2010). 3. Effectiveness of Incremental Risk Charge Model According to BCBS (2009b), IRC model mainly compounds two types of risks: default risk and credit migration risk. The origin of default risks can be obligors’ default and/or default events. As a result, it may lead to direct losses and/or indirect losses respectively. Meanwhile, credit migration risks may come from internal or external rating downgrade or upgrade as well as credit migration events (BCBS, 2009b). A study by Kealhofer et al. (1998) and Kealhofer (2003) (cited in Varotto,  2011), there are two main methods applied to rate company’s performance which are Through The Cycle (TTC) rating and Point In Time (PIT) rating. Both two rating methods are used to evaluate repay ability of a business, thus bank sets up its own capital to cover risks in case of the business’s default. Nevertheless, there are several differences between TTC and PIT ratings are as follows. While TTC rating tries to achieve stable rating which is not influenced by economic variation over mid-term or long-term, PIT rating reflects changes of the market as well as credit migration through the credit rating in a short-term. A study by Benford and Nier (2007) found that banks prefer to use PIT rating because it can update market variations and reflect them through enterprise’s credit rating downgrade or upgrade more effectively. In other words, IRC model which is used to estimate capital requi rement for banks based on their risks is influenced by both credit and market risks. III. Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA) 1. Strengths of Credit Valuation Adjustment A capital charge for credit valuation adjustment (CVA) is a procedure used to calculate capital requirement for mark to market losses associated with counterparties’ decreased creditworthiness (BCBS, 2011b). Compare with the traditional method, CVA is more dynamic because it allows a bank or a financial institution to have trading opportunities with large exposures that excel limits set up to oppose future risks – the thing that the traditional method does not permit (Algorithmics, 2009). In fact, based on high risk, high return theory, banks have chance to increase their profit by the trading opportunities as above. Therefore, applying CVA approach instead of the traditional one may help banks achieve much profit. 2. Weaknesses of Credit Valuation Adjustment When banks apply CVA approach, they have to face with a difficulty which is seen as weakness of CVA. It is banks cannot identify and evaluate counterparty’s credit rating accurately (Cameron, 2011). One of the reasons of this disadvantage is derivatives which are originally purchased between bank and counterparty can be transferred to the third party, then fourth party and so on†¦ As a consequence, the bank cannot control its  counterparties effectively, thus it will lead to bank’s incorrect rating counterparty. Another reason might be mistakes of rating agencies because they do not have enough information about banks’ counterparty. Therefore, it will cause inaccurate risk measure when applying CVA approach. In addition, a report undertaken in this area (Cameron, 2011) shows that there are some participants found CVA’s structuring is sophisticated to apply in several real situations. The dealer proves that there still be existing a lot of pitfalls and problems through the calculating risk process. As a consequence, it might lead to many difficulties for banks in using CVA. 3. Effectiveness of Credit Valuation Adjustment A study by Barus et al. (2010) found that CVA approach uses one-year market risk horizon instead of 10-day. It is the same horizon with model as well as VAR models; therefore it helps banks manage risks easier based on integrated time horizon between risks controlling models. In addition, BCBS (2011b) states that CVA capital charge includes charge for mark to market losses and counterparty’s devaluation in creditworthiness. If banks purchase securities at current time, then their market price decreases, banks will take an expenditure called mark to market losses. CVA captures these risks above means it covers market risk might occur to the banks. In fact, within the last crisis, only one-third of counterparty credit risks were due to actual defaults while the remaining two-thirds caused by CVA losses, especially mark-to-market losses (Goeth, 2010). As mentioned above, CVA also captures risk of counterparty’s devaluation in creditworthiness. According to BCBS (2011a), creditworthiness mentions ability to repay or meet debt obligation of an individual or an enterprise. Therefore, when the counterparty’s repay ability deteriorates, it will lead to increasing of CVA capital charge for banks (Bushnell, 2007) in order to help banks prepare an adequate capital. Put differently, CVA not only captures market risks but also cover credit risks that banks have to face with. As a result, CVA and IRC model associate and support each other to help banks measure and manage combination of market and credit risks more  completely effectively. IV. Stressed VAR 1. Strengths of Stressed VAR Model According to Butler (1999), VAR is defined as calculation used to measure â€Å"the worst expected loss that an institution can suffer over a given time interval under normal market conditions at a given confidence level.† After the crisis in the year 2007, Basel Committee realised that market condition is not always consistent. Therefore, stressed VAR was created to compute VAR which would be performed on the present portfolio of a bank in case that the related market elements were going through a stressed period (BCBS, 2009a). Based on VAR calculated, banks are required to have an appropriate amount of capital to cover their worst expected loss. One of VAR charge’s strengths is it reduces the pro-cyclical capital which are disadvantages for the banks. As stated by Christopher Finger (cited in Pengelly, 2011), recent data used for calculating VAR moved around and around, and it might lead to bad aggregation of more volatile markets, dealers’ losses and enlarged capital. 2. Weaknesses of Stressed VAR Model The weaknesses that can be easily seen in stressed VAR model is stressed VAR cannot capture migration and default risks of banks. That is the reason why banks also have to apply IRC model to capture these risks. Furthermore, stressed VAR also cannot cover mark-to-market losses which need to be measured by CVA approach. Therefore, banks have to cope with more complexity in risk measure; as a consequence, banks can make more mistakes in calculating risk process. One more important point is stressed VAR is not able to measure risk in a normal market condition, thus banks need to use one more different model – normal VAR calculation to measure this type of risk. Consequently, it will require really careful and complicated risk management system in order to measure risk accurately. 3. Effectiveness of Stressed VAR Model In accordance with BCBS (2011c), the effectiveness of stressed VAR model is performed through it can include all risks, for instance interest rate risk,  commodity risk, etc. over a period of stressed market that banks recently experienced. In other words, the more types of risks stressed VAR can cover, the more accurately banks can measure and manage risks. From the stressed VAR’s definition mentioned above, BCBS suggested that â€Å"it should be based on the 10-day, 99th percentile, one-tailed confidence interval VAR measure of the current portfolio, with model inputs calibrated to historical data from a continuous 12-month period of significant financial stress relevant to the bank’s portfolio.† It means stressed VAR uses the same time horizon with IRC and CVA in order to help banks reduce mistakes in risk calculating process due to united horizon. Concurrently, the same time horizon also assists supervisors to revise banks’ risks more effectively. Besides, in order to set up an effective risk management method, banks have to use time-series data of 12-continuous-month for stressed VAR model that includes financial stress event which is relevant to banks’ portfolio (BCBS, 2011c). As a result, the financial crisis from 2007 to 2009 is the time period suggested by the Committee to banks to be used for building stressed VAR model. V. Conclusion In Basel III, three new methods above – Incremental Risk Charge, Capital Valuation Adjustment and Stressed Value at Risk – are concurrently used by the banks and they support each other to measure and manage risks more effectively. Strengths of one method are supplementary for others’ weaknesses. That is the reason why banks are required by Basel Committee to add both of three methods into their risk management. With normal VAR model, IRC, CVA and stressed VAR approaches help banks not only control risks as individual factors but also measure and manage risks as a combination, especially the aggregation of credit and market risks more efficiently. From that, banks need to set up their own capital which is appropriate with their financial situation in order to face with difficulties that the financial crisis 2007-2009 was the typical example. Besides undeniable advantages of three new rules, the largest banks in the world, such as Bank of America, UBS, Royal Bank of Scotland, still found  significant weaknesses and gave comment on the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s consultative documents. Basel Committee should concern about these recommendations to readjust Basel III in order to set up an accurate and effective regulation documents for international banks to help banks in particular as well as financial institutions in general avoid disasters as the financial crisis happened in 2007 to 2009. VI. References Algorithmics, (2009) Credit Value Adjustment and the changing environment for pricing and managing counterparty risk. [Online]. Available at: http://www.algorithmics.com/EN/media/pdfs/Algo-WP1209-CVASurvey.pdf (Accessed: 02 January 2012) Barus, R., Battaglia, F., Jagannathan, R., Mendis, J., and Onorato, M., (2010) Basel III: What’s new? Business and technological challenges. [Online]. Available at: http://www.algorithmics.com/en/media/pdfs/algo-wp0910-lr-basel3-exd.pdf (Accessed: 02 January 2012) Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, (2009a) Analysis of the trading book quantitative impact study. Bank for International Settlements. Basel. Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, (2009b) Guidelines for computing capital for incremental risk in the trading book. Bank for International Settlements. Basel. Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, (2011a) Application of own credit risk adjustments to derivatives. Bank for International Settlements. Basel. Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, (2011b) Basel III: A global regulatory framework for more resilient banks and banking systems. Bank for International Settlements. Basel. Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, (2011c) Interpretive issues with respect to the revisions to the market risk framework. Bank for International Settlements. Basel. Benford, J. & Nier, E. (2007) Monitoring cyclicality of Basel II capital requirements. [Online]. Available at: http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/fsr/fs_paper03.pdf (Accessed: 28 December 2011) Bushnell, C. D. (2007) Detailed Comments on Market Risk NPR’. [Online]. Available at: http://www.federalreserve.gov/SECRS/2007/February/20070213/R-1266/R-1266_17_1.pdf (Accessed: 06 January 2012) Butler, C. (1999) Mastering value at risk: a step-by-step guide to understanding and applying VAR. London: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Cameron, M. (2011) ‘Securitising CVA’, Risk, 24(2), p. 29. Davidson, C. (2009) ‘Urgency and uncertainty’, Risk, 22(4), p. 72. Ferry, J. (2008) ‘Wary of the IRC’, Risk, 21(9), p. 26. Goeth, P. (2010) Basel III – Design and Potential Impact. [Online]. Available at: http://www.garp.org/media/529782/basel%20iii_goeth112410.pdf (Accessed: 28 December 2011) Hull, C. J. (2010) Risk management and financial institutions. Boston, MA Harlow: Pearson Education. Linsz, D. M. (2010) Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Consultative Document â€Å"Strengthening the Resilient of Banking Sector†. [Online]. Available at: http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs165/boac.pdf (Accessed: 28 December 2011) Madigan, P. (2010) When market and credit risk collide. [Online]. Available at: Available at: http://www.risk.net/risk-magazine/feature/1652766/when-market-credit-risk-collide (Accessed: 03 January 2012) Pengelly, M. (2011) Stressed VAR questioned by risk managers. [Online]. Available at: http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:8Hl5fareW-UJ:www.risk.net/risk-magazine/news/2024562/stressed-var-questioned-risk-managers+Stressed+VAR+questioned+by+risk+managers&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk (Accessed: 28 December 2011)

Wise Blood by Flannery O’Connor

Introduction to Wise Blood by Flannery O’Connor by Karen L. Enz Though a short novel, Wise Blood is a dense and complicated one with various levels of meaning. Many readers are confused and shocked by the novel as there is a distinct lack of likeable characters and there is much violence. A key element in understanding the novel’s construction and meaning is to understand the literary influences on Flannery O’Connor. Flannery O’Connor was deeply influenced by Roman Catholicism that informed her own religious sensibility which echoed in her literary voice.Her religious views envisioned a deeply flawed world that could only be redeemed by the intercession of grace. Her Southern origins brought that vision into high relief with her use of casts of grotesque characters who were often involved in violent incidents. She subjected her characters to microscopic evaluation of their religious and existential obsessions. To lighten its dark tone, Flannery O’Co nnor utilized her masterful satiric wit to increase the spectrum of the colors in her literary canvass.A second influence was O’Connor’s intense exposure to the predominant literary style, New Criticism, which was at its apex during the middle of the twentieth century. New Criticism was a complicated formulaic style that often utilized dense symbolism, paradox, irony, tension and ambiguous meaning, all hallmarks of O’Connor’s writing. New Criticism also professed that a work was to have a high degree of unity and self-containment. If we see Wise Blood through both O’Connor’s religious sensibility and its permeation in New Criticism, the structure and meaning of the novel fall more easily into place.Haze Motes, (note the symbolism of his name hazy vision and mote in the eye) is a the epitome of the religiously obsessed individual. The more he professes unbelief, the more unsure and shortsighted he becomes. The ultimate paradox occurs in his b linding, when he finally realizes his need for redemption. The text is rife with symbolism, much of it religious. The sky is permeated with clouds that look like a simplified God’s beards and curls, roadside pigs that are symbols of the devil, a shrunken man who was a symbol a false idol, an old Essex which was symbolic of a search for meaning and homecoming, and glasses that obscure vision.Some critics see the novel as a condemnation of modernity in its cult of shallow self-absorption and nihilistic pursuits. Haze is so focused on his pursuit of unbelief that he fails to see anything around him, including the needs of Enoch (who is driven by instinct â€Å"wise blood†) and Sabbath. A satiric note is sounded in Chapter 7, which can serve as a microcosm of the novel, when Sabbath receives a letter from Mary Brittle (note the symbolic nature of the name) who advises Sabbath â€Å" Perhaps you ought to re-examine your religious values to see if they meet your needs in Li fe.A religious experience can be a beautiful addition to living if you put it a proper perspective and do not let it warp you. Read some books on Ethical Culture. † Sabbath, though she is trying to seduce Haze, can be seen as a Christ figure in that mentions â€Å"I can save you, I got a church in my heart where Jesus is king. † Haze is unconvinced and he drives off leaving behind a blinding white cloud that turns into a bird with long wings that disappears in the opposite direction. Wise Blood is a complicated and multi-faceted novel that is not for the faint of heart. For those who can plumb the novel’s meaning, it can challenge and inform.

Are Unions in the 21st Century essays

Are Unions in the 21st Century essays Are Unions in the 21st Century dead? People may tell you that the union movement is dead, or dying, that unions have little relevance in today's society. The numbers of Australian union members has definitely decreased in the past few decades, but does this mean that the end is near? Because of the declining trends in union density and people thinking unions are outdated it has come up for debate Are unions in the 21st century dead? It is my role today to debate whether the statement is true or false. In my opinion I think the statement is false. Unions are frequently in the news: most people will have heard of unions and have some notions about what they are (even if these are not always accurate). And the reporting of unions usually emphasises conflict. For the same reason conflict sells newspapers, it can arouse interest among people. Unions have shaped the way most people in Australia (and in many other countries) live; they have played an important role in Australian history. Lets look at the real issue of how unions really benefit our economy. If it were not for unions we would be living like the communists did in the Soviet Union some 10 years ago. We would basically be a fascist country. The Tolpuddle Martyrs were perhaps Australias first unionists, although their involvement with this country was not one of choice. In 1833, 6 poor farm labourers from Tolpuddle, England met with a view to forming a union. They had sought a pay increase of only 1 shilling, as other farm labourers were receiving 10/-. As a result of their demands, their pay was reduced. A union seemed the only way to achieve decent pay. For trying to form a union, the 6 were charged with the obscure crime of administering an illegal oath. They had little chance of acquittal when their trial came up, as the jury was comprised of wealthy landowners. The 6 were quickly, and quietly, convicted and transported to New South Wa...

Los apellidos hispanos más frecuentes en EE.UU.

Los apellidos hispanos ms frecuentes en EE.UU. En la actualidad, 3  apellidos hispanos estn entre los 10  ms comunes de los Estados Unidos  y 6 entre los 15 ms frecuentes. Este dato no debe sorprender ya que hay ms de 57,5 millones de latinos en el paà ­s, conformando el 17,8 por ciento del total de la poblacià ³n. En este artà ­culo se enumeran cules son los apellidos latinos ms frecuentes, segà ºn datos del Bureau del Censo y, tambià ©n, su significado. A continuacià ³n se lista cules son los 10 ms comunes, sin importar el origen à ©tnico o racial y, finalmente, se incluye informacià ³n relevante sobre derechos de los nià ±os nacidos en Estados Unidos y documentos que sirven para acreditar su ciudadanà ­a. Destacar que para el Bureau del Censo, los tà ©rminos latino e hispano pueden utilizarse como sinà ³nimos y que para esta oficina del gobierno son latinas las personas con procedencia en: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Espaà ±a, Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, Guatemala, Honduras, Mà ©xico, Nicaragua, Panam, Paraguay, Perà º, Repà ºblica Dominicana, Uruguay y Venezuela. Adems, para otras agencias del gobierno, los brasileà ±os tambià ©n estarà ­an incluidos en esta categorà ­a. Apellidos hispanos ms frecuentes en Estados Unidos Estos son los 10 apellidos hispanos ms comunes, segà ºn datos del à ºltimo censo de 2010, en orden de frecuencia empezando con el ms numeroso, con especificacià ³n entre parà ©ntesis del nà ºmero que ocupa entre los 15 ms frecuentes del censo total, que incluye toda clase de apellidos. Garcà ­a (6) Rodrà ­guez (9) Martà ­nez (10)Hernndez (11)Là ³pez (12)Gonzlez (13) Adems, se encuentran entre los 100 ms comunes: Pà ©rez Snchez Ramà ­rezTorres Flores Rivera Gà ³mez Dà ­az Reyes Cruz Morales Ortiz Gutià ©rrez Significado de Garcà ­a y Rodrà ­guez y otros apellidos hispanos   Garcà ­a es el apellido latino ms frecuente en USA. Se le atribuyen diversos orà ­genes y significados. Una de las interpretaciones ms aceptadas es que originalmente pudo significar oso. Lo que sà ­ es seguro es que ya aparecà ­a por escrito en documentos de finales del siglo VIII en lo que hoy es la provincia espaà ±ola de Navarra. En la actualidad es el apellido ms frecuente en Espaà ±a y es tambià ©n muy frecuente en Latinoamà ©rica. En concreto, en Mà ©xico es el tercero ms comà ºn despuà ©s de Hernndez y Là ³pez.   En cuanto a Rodrà ­guez, su origen se encuentra en el reino medieval de Leà ³n y significa hijo de Rodrigo. En Espaà ±a es el tercer apellido ms comà ºn, mientras que en Colombia ocupa el lugar nà ºmero dos, despuà ©s de Gonzlez. En Argentina, Chile, Mà ©xico y Venezuela es, tambià ©n, muy frecuente y en Repà ºblica Dominicana es el ms comà ºn. Martà ­nez tiene tambià ©n un origen medieval en Espaà ±a, pero se le atribuyen distintos puntos de origen. Significa hijo de Martà ­n. Las familias que lo llevan, al igual que ocurre con los apellidos que acaban en -ez, no tienen un origen comà ºn, aunque provienen del antiguo reino de Castilla. Hernndez sigue la misma dinmica que los apellidos anteriores, y significa hijo de Hernando.  Por su parte, Là ³pez significa hijo de Lope, un nombre que antiguamente era comà ºn y procede de la palabra latina Lupus, que significa lobo. Gonzlez y su variacià ³n Gonzales significan hijo de Gonzalo, un nombre muy frecuente en la à ©poca medieval en Espaà ±a. Pà ©rez quiere decir hijo de Pedro o de Pero. Esta à ºltima es la versià ³n aragonesa del mismo nombre. Por su parte Snchez significa hijo de Sancho. En su origen era muy comà ºn en los territorios que hoy son las provincias espaà ±olas de Cceres y Salamanca. Y Ramà ­rez significa hijo de Ramiro. Finalmente, Torres, el à ºltimo apellido hispano que se coloca entre los 50 ms frecuentes de Estados Unidos, tiene un origen distinto. Es decir, no significa hijo de, sino que est asociado con un lugar con torres. Este apellido en su origen est relacionado con poder. Cà ³mo es que hay tantos apellidos hispanos en Estados Unidos Sucesivos flujos migratorios a lo largo de la historia han cambiando notablemente la composicià ³n racial y à ©tnica de los Estados Unidos. En el caso de los hispanos, destacar que siempre ha habido presencia de latinos. Por ejemplo, Saint Augustine, en Florida, es la ciudad con ocupacià ³n continuada ms antigua en EE.UU. y es de origen espaà ±ol.   Adems, la poblacià ³n de origen latino aumentà ³ significativamente despuà ©s de la anexià ³n de Texas en 1845, la ganancia de los territorios del suroeste americano y California tras la guerra entre Mà ©xico y Estados Unidos de 1846-1848 y la toma de posesià ³n de Puerto Rico en 1898. Pero lo que est detrs del espectacular crecimiento en nà ºmeros de latinos en las à ºltimas dà ©cadas es el aumento de la inmigracià ³n procedente de Latinoamà ©rica que ha convertido a  los hispanos en la primera minorà ­a del paà ­s, superando a los  afroamericanos. Muchos de los latinos son nuevos inmigrantes que adquirieron primero el permiso de residencia por peticià ³n de un familiar, pero en la actualidad incluso ms son latinos que son  estadounidenses de nacimiento al haber nacido en los Estados Unidos que emigrantes En los casos de personas nacidas en el paà ­s, es importante obtener cuanto antes el certificado de nacimiento. Si bien es cierto que en en algunos condados, como sucede en el sur de Texas, los padres indocumentados estn teniendo muchos problemas para obtener este documento de sus hijos para acreditar la ciudadanà ­a del menor. Adems, hay que tener en cuenta que tambià ©n pueden surgir problemas en casos de bebà ©s nacidos aquà ­ cuando los paps tienen visas de turista. Pero el censo refleja un gran aumento en apellidos latinos no sà ³lo por esos dos motivos –inmigracià ³n y nacimientos– sino tambià ©n porque a diferencia de lo que era comà ºn en à ©pocas pasadas, los inmigrantes actuales prefieren conservar sus nombres y apellidos y no hacerlos anglosajones. Esto era comà ºn en todos los grupos de inmigrantes para intentar evitar discriminacià ³n y demostrar asimilacià ³n al nuevo paà ­s, pero en la actualidad es algo infrecuente Los 10apellidos ms comunes en Estados Unidos Para las personas interesadas, esta es la lista de los apellidos ms comunes, sean latinos o no, segà ºn datos del à ºltimo censo, que es el de 2010 porque en Estados Unidos se actualiza sà ³lo cada 10 aà ±os. Hay listados diferentes pero en este artà ­culo se ha utilizado ese listado oficial: SmithJohnsonWilliamsBrownJonesGarcà ­aMillerDavisRodrà ­guezMartà ­nez Curiosidades sobre latinos en Estados Unidos Es muy interesante conocer estas  7 aportaciones de los hispanos a la cultura estadounidense  o estas 10 curiosidades que pueden sorprender y entretener. Este artà ­culo es informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

(not so sure about that)management and information system Essay

(not so sure about that)management and information system - Essay Example Of course, a lot of firms would like to know the different winning strategies that easyJet made in engaging its business online, given that a lot of business are now being done and facilitated by the internet. From this premise, this paper then would try to look at the approaches that easyJet used in establishing its presence on the internet. In this case, the researcher would try to look at the step by step approaches that easyJet made as it established its online presence as a key component of its growth. In addition, the researcher would also try to look into the different relevant scholarly readings to analyze the different approaches that easyJet made, in order to more accurately point out why these approaches actually came to be so much successful. At the end of the paper, the researcher would then summarize the different approaches that easyJet made in establishing its presence online, and would briefly give some recommendations on what may be learned from the approaches that easyJet made. ... to fly and operate on any route within the countries belonging to the European Union, which was before dominated solely by flag-carrying airlines (Pritchard, 2002). Due to this agreement, which provided for the deregulation of the airline industry for 10 years, easyJet actually began its existence (Pritchard, 2002). In the year 1995, easyJet actually began to operate, wherein the aviation company started to accommodate flights from London to nearby Edinburgh and Glasgow (Pritchard, 2002). By virtue of the companies earlier strategies, which involved offering lower fare for these routes, as well as aggressive advertising and publicity events, the company soon began to grow, albeit slowly at first (Pritchard, 2002). However, soon enough, the company began to grow rapidly by the time that it positioned itself in the world of e-commerce, and utilized the internet for projection, marketing and sales (Pritchard, 2002). In fact, just only after 28 months, the company was actually able to re ach its one millionth seats sold (Pritchard, 2002). Now, the company has already grown rapidly, being able to sell its third millionth seat, and has already merged with Go, a separate low-cost airline that was actually established by the British Airways, the flag carrier of the United Kingdom and Great Britain (Pritchard, 2002). Online Positioning and easyJet’s Success One of the first approaches that easyJet made was actually to venture into e-commerce, which was a relatively bold move for any company at that time (1998). But what is the definition of e-commerce? According to Dr, Mamooh Shah, e-commerce is actually â€Å"all electronically mediated information exchanges between an organization and its external stakeholders† (Shah, n. d.). In addition, Shah also outlines the different

International Currency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

International Currency - Essay Example However, it is not secret that dozens of countries all over the world including Great Britain define the value of their currencies through a fixed exchange rate with the dollar. Many others, especially in Asia, keep their currencies tightly linked to the U.S. currency (Altman, 2004) Much of the world has come to realize that the dollar's value is steadily being undermined. But few Americans understand that the government along with the Federal Reserve is accomplishing the undermining. And few also realize that the main cause of the continuing failure of the American dollar is federal indebtedness brought on by virtually uncontrolled federal spending. Responding to the vast hole they have dug for all Americans, the US leaders have paid the nation's bills by borrowing from almost every corner of the globe and by creating more currency out of nothing (inflation). According to the statistics from 2006, the YS current-account deficit equals $857 billion that is absorbing the major part of the world's capital outflows. To finance this constant deficit, the United States has accumulated trillions of dollars of foreign debt, depreciating their currency, the dollar, and appreciating other world currencies. Current paper looks at the trends and implications of the "cheap " US dollar and its effects on the world major currencies, emphasis the British pound. Causes of the dollar decline Since the introduction of the euro in 1999, the US experiences severe balance of payments deficits on current account. The biggest deficits were with China and Japan. However, in order to protect their export competitiveness, both China and Japan followed macroeconomic policies that would maintain fixed exchange rates between their currencies and the US dollar. In order to accomplish this result, both China and Japan had to intervene in the foreign exchange market by buying up massive amounts of US dollars while selling corresponding amounts of their own currencies, the Chinese Yuan and the Japanese yen. These purchase showed up as capital inflows into the US. However, as the US continued to maintain historically low interest rates to stimulate its domestic economy, some critics wondered if China and Japan would continue to hold so many US dollars (Eiteman, Stonehill, Moffett 2007). As a result of extensive US exports, the country has become the world's largest debtor, rather than th e world's largest creditor, the position it held in earlier years. Net foreign purchases of US securities have retreated from their peak in 2001, while the US balance of current accounts has worsened, as show in Figure 1. Figure 1: Balance of US current account 1960-2001 According to APF Business news1, the US balance of payments deficit narrowed in the second quarter to 190.8 billion dollars from 197.1 billion in the first quarter, the Commerce Department reported Friday. The US current account figure, roughly in line with analysts' forecasts, represented 5.5 percent of US economic output or gross domestic product. For the first quarter, the current account deficit was revised up to 197.1 billion dollars or 5.8 percent of GDP. The improvement in the current account deficit, the broadest measure of trade and income flows, suggested some easing of balance of paymen

ENGLISH 12 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ENGLISH 12 - Article Example These two essays strongly base their works on particular systems of belief in the respective societies that determine particular behaviors. Thus, by analyzing the setting, characterization and the shared theme in the two essays, this comparison shows how systems of beliefs have constrained the truth so as to shape the behavior of societies, giving them distinct identities. The setting in â€Å"A Secret Society of the Starving† is an online society whereas â€Å"Can You Tell the Truth in a Small Town?† uses a physical society setting. In the online society, the truth about the identities of the members has been hidden under the disguised names that they use when interacting. Even with these hidden identities, Udovitch (110) gives an account of how members of this society have organized practices governed by their beliefs and that they share their experiences, without which they would probably not be pro-ana. Perhaps, their anonymity gives them the freedom to share their experiences online, a distinct trait of this society. In Dakota, writers face a physical community of people who are their prospective audience. Albeit these writers do not know with certainty who would be the audience with regard to their writing, they still find a moral obligation not to tell the truth considered to be discouraging. This follows the belief in the society that the truth should not be told if it would discourage the public (Norris 127). Through this contrast, it is evident that despite the nature of a society, the system of beliefs in which its members believe in serves as a more critical aspect in aligning their behaviors towards a specific way of life more than their anonymity to one another possibly could influence otherwise. Both of the selected essays use the power of characterization to depict a society where members would sacrifice their welfare to uphold the dictates of their system of beliefs, thus the importance of beliefs over people’s free-will in determining behavior in the societies. In the pro-ana society, in order to achieve and maintain the thin body considered as attractive, women have to suffer pain and sacrifice eating according to the anorexia practice. Thus, the belief that a thin body is attractive has sacrificing free-will eating as the price to pay (Udovitch 111). Beliefs supersede one’s free-will to eat. In the same way, the Dakotan writers sacrifice the truth so as to be acceptable in the Dakotan society. According to Norris, â€Å"someone who wants to write either has to break away or settle for writing only what is acceptable† (128). But since the writers fear being set aside from the society, they choose the latter, thus sacrificing to tell the truth that they know. The author, thus, shows that the value of beliefs supersedes that of the truth in the society. These characters show that beliefs in any society are regarded with high esteem and members of the given society would trade anything, i ncluding the truth about their welfare, to observe these beliefs. Moreover, the writers in both essays employ the theme of unity brought about by the existence of a system of beliefs, hence the importance of beliefs in giving people a common identity. Udovitch and Norris depict beliefs as the glue that unites people sharing similar traits both physically and psychologically. The online

British Standards of Sustainability

British Standards of Sustainability Abstract The following report is based on the use of British Standards to look at the impact it has on a product development process from the beginning of its lifecycle to the end when it decomposes. With the world today at the state it is, the pollution and the resources are being used up at an un-regenerate able rate. It is more important than ever to recycle and perform our manufacturing processes in an environmentally sustainable manner. Hence, the modern environmental legislations have been designed and applied in manners as such to focus on not only manufacturing process but also the end of life cycle and the recycling and upcycle options. BS8887- 1:2006 (MADE) looks at design from Manufacture, Assembly, Disassembly and End of life, the key aspects this legislation will cover and target are at remanufacture, recycling and efficient and sustainable ways to proceed to the end of life of the product. The main aim of legislations as such is to become more environmentally friendly and to cre ate a more sustainable environment for the generation of tomorrow. However, there are many such legislations that every manufacturer in the region has to follow which covers areas not covered by the particular legislation mentioned above. There are many various other legislations and regulations which ensure that the rules and regulations are followed strictly and the quality of the production is maintained at an optimum with respect to production and environment. Contents Abstract ..1 Glossary: 3 Introduction: 4 Research Methodology: .4 Principle of MADE: 4 Product Design Assessment: 5 Manufacture of Design: (MADE): .. 5 Assembly (MADE): 6 Disassembly (MADE): .. 6 End of Life Processing (MADE): .. 7 Benefits of MADE: . 7 Design for the Environment (DFE): ..9 BS887 1:.. 9 BS8900: .. 9 ISO 14001: . 9 ISO 14025: .. 10 Designing a product for the environment and how it is contributing to the sustainability: .10 4 Methods to assess a product for their impacts on the environment: .12 Reference and Bibliography ..13 Glossary: PDS- Product Design specification MADE- Manufacture, Assembly, Disassembly and End of life BS- British Standard PDA- Product Design Assessment DFE: Design for Environment FEA: Finite element analysis EIA: Environmental impact assessment LCA: Life cycle assessment MET: Material energy toxicity matrix EEA: Environmental performance indicator WEEE: Waste electronic and electrical equipment Introduction: The report shows how the idea of sustainability is implemented through various steps of production and manufacture with the help of the guidelines put into place by the British Standards. The main purpose behind these legislation and guidelines is to make the companies and the manufacturers aware of the harmful impacts of the manufacturing process as well as the effect of bad material selection during production and end of life cycle. The use of strict guidelines and fines to put these legislations and rules in place helps by maintaining the sustainability process of our environment as well as by funding the awareness programs and the research on new concepts and technology regarding sustainable environment. This report shows the impact of different legislations on the manufacturing process of the industrial fans and the different steps taken to make sure the process is environmentally friendly and supports the sustainability of the environment even during disassembly and end of life cycle. Another form of legislation which provides guidance for the company to perform their operation in a sustainable manner with respect to environment is ISO 14001, ISO 14001 however focuses more on efficient utilisation of water and energy usage with minimum wastage. Together these legislations and laws promotes the idea of sustainable environment and aids for its further research on sustainability and new technology to make the manufacturing process more efficient and environmentally conservative. Research Methodology: To gather the information and data required for the report two major types of sources were used: Research on the internet and through the British standard articles and awareness packets. The manufacturing process of the product is analysed and reviewed under the legislations and rules BS887 and MADE to find out the changes the law has made on the manufacturing process to adapt the process and make it more eco-friendly and sustainable. The legislations and sources for the research are mentioned in the bibliography and on appropriate sections. The company has also done various eco-friendly tests and published articles on its results which can and have been sourced and used as a part of research for the report. Principle of MADE: MADE: Manufacture, Assembly, Disassembly and End of life. The principle objective of the MADE standard is to make sure the product is able to be either decomposed in an eco-friendly manner or recycled after the end of its life cycle to make sure the environment is not affected by the product. The use of MADE ensures the correct materials are selected for manufacture and the idea of eco-friendly and sustainable environment is kept in mind when choosing the material for the product with respect to the impact the use of the material will have on the environment during the its life cycle and after the end of the life cycle. As of today the materials chosen in the product we see are still not very focused on making the environment clean and conservative for the future, more than half of the product we use today are still dumped in landfills after the end of its life cycle which is harming and degrading the environment. Hence the main purpose of the MADE standard is to make the companys an d the manufacturers aware of the needs of our environment and to make sure appropriate materials are chosen for the products which can be either recycled or de-composed in a conservative manner after end of its life cycle. Product Design Assessment: The product being chosen to perform the analysis on is a normal house hold blender. The theory of MADE principles is going to be used for the analysis and to find out the effects a normal house blender has on our environment. The analysis helps us find solutions and improvements for the product to be better suited for the environment and to help maintain the sustainability of environment. The image above shows example of a common house hold blender. Manufacture of Design: (MADE): The manufacturing process of the blender consist of multiple pieces being moulded and shaped and then joined together to make the blender functional and operational. The materials in use for the manufacturing of the blender are also of various combination. However, the blender is shaped in a very simple shape which makes it fairly easier to manufacture the common house hold blender. The plastic jar of the blender is composed of a material called PP (Polypropylene Plastic) shaped and moulded through a process called injection moulding process. The moulding process is performed by heating up the material to its melting point and injecting it to a cooled die where it is cooled down and moulded to its shape. The process is a very cheap method of manufacturing which also requires very low level of energy usage. The blade of the blender on the other hand is stainless steel shaped into small sharp blade like structure which cut and blend the fruits/vegetables/ spices inserted into the jar of the blender. It is essential that the blade is made of stainless steel which has no chances of forming rust in the environment where it operates since food that we eat is being blended in the machine and hence could cause potentially illness for the user. To make sure the steel being used is stainless there should be at least 10.5% chromium in the steel, the presence of the protective iron chromium oxide allows the steel to avoid corrosions and rust. In order for the blender to be considered safe for daily house hold purposes and for it to pass the British safety standard it is vital that the blade for the blenders are of stainless steel. The manufacturing method used to produce the blades for the blenders is the Spinning method. The method is performed by using machinery which is mounted on a forming block against the stainless steel which is pressed on a forming block to rotate. The process in itself is not really expensive or energy consuming but it will be more economical and financially benefitting to produce at bulk with big batches. The graph above shows how the price is affected with the batch size and shows how ordering at bulk with big numbers is more economical. Assembly (MADE): The design of the blender is pretty simple for assembly which requires very little time and knowledge to assemble and use. After the assembly of the blade in the jar all the parts are easily accessible and well fitted to make sure the blender is accessible and easy to use able to be cleaned fitted and opened making it easier to use and clean for household use. The design and the mechanism of the parts are very simple making the parts easy to access worldwide in case it needs repair or fixing. The source of the materials are all minimalistic and easy to access making it easier to be sourced locally making it easier and cheaper to manufacture. The cardboard of the packaging is also recyclable and eco-friendly making it more sustainable friendly for the environment. Disassembly (MADE): The blender consists of various different parts, which are easily constructed and assembled. The use of simple parts makes it easy to operate and assemble the blender along its life cycle. Not only that the use of simple and easy parts makes it easy to disassemble as well helps in the end of life cycle for recycle or upcycle. The use of basic and fairly simple materials for manufacturing and assembly makes it easy to disassemble and end the life cycle in a conservative manner. End of Life Processing (MADE): Due to the presence of heavy carbon emissions and the state that our environment is in it is essential that all the manufacturers have a plan for the end of life cycle to deal with the product in an eco-friendly and conservative manner. The company and the manufacturers need to have a plan for the management of the product even after the items have been sold and passed on to the customers. It is essential for the product to be able to keep up with the customer demand and meet the standards that have been placed for the products hence the End of the life processing is one of the most important steps as well. Preserving our environment and keeping it alive for the future is one of the main issues and things we deal with today in our daily life and it is essential that we respect it in order to maintain the balance in our food chain and the environment. The use of stainless steel hence makes perfect sense as it is theoretically 100 % recyclable. Another key features which promotes the use of stainless steel is that it is very durable and has a long life of several decades. However, if the product has reached its end of lifecycle or has damages in it then it can easily be replaced and separated from its housing and framework. As stainless steel has no damaging effect when in contact with soil or water it can be easily re-moulded in different kinds of moulds to reuse and recycle. Polypropylene (PP) is another material not only being used in the manufacturing of the blender but also one of the most recycled and reused material around us today. With nearly everything around us being made of some kind of plastic it is essential we recycle these materials in order to help keep our environment clean and pollution free. All the different kinds of plastic being used in production today are numbered 1-7 depending on the type of plastic and their properties. However, the body of the blender is made up of quite tough PP, which will require a special technique to recycle called the quaternary recycling process. To perform the process on such plastics which are being recycled it is incinerated at temperature of up to 900 to 1000 Degree Celsius. The use of the method can cut the waste plastic by around 80% and completely prevent pollutant escaping to the atmosphere as well. Common examples of recycled PP can be Battery Cables, Brushes, Bins, signal lights, etc. Hence the recycling and re use of every kind of plastic including the PP helps to keep our environment clean and make a more of a sustainable approach. Benefits of MADE: The use of the MADE theory of analysis help us to find out of the flaws present in the blender. Comparing the usage process to the manufacturing and the designing process there is lots of usage during the manufacturing phase comparatively to the very little usage of energy during the operational life of the blender. The graph above shows how it requires an excessive amount of energy during its production phase but very little during its operational and usage life cycle. By finding a more energy efficient method for production and design of the blender the company could be improving in its earning and the profit margin achieved through each sale. As mentioned above in the report the use of the recycling and upcycling process on the materials can be very helpful and cost effective when either purchasing or producing the blender. The use of recycling and eco-friendly components also help to create a good image with the customers and gain their trust. Also using less dense materials, recycle and remade parts for production may help to make a more sustainable and eco-friendly approach. Design for the Environment (DFE): Design for Environment (DFE) can be defined as process of designing to minimize the environmental impacts and ensuring products are sustainable and eco-friendly throughout the products life cycle. The main concepts and sections that are covered and assessed by the concept of DFE are: Sustainability in relation to its influence on industry Designing a product with respect to the environment and how it is contributing to the sustainability of the environment 4 Methods to assess a product for their impacts on the environment Sustainability in relation to its influence on industry: According to The Bruntland Commission, sustainability is a development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The BSIs overarching sustainability standard BS 8900 Guidance for managing sustainable development defines sustainability as an enduring, balanced approach to economic activity, environmental responsibility and social progress. The product life cycle of the company is assessed to find out the sustainability of a company and its products. With the help of these types of assessment performed by recognised bodies like the British Standard and other companys it adds a more sustainable and eco-friendly approach to its company and its products. The achievement of approval and recognition from organisations like BS8900 can lead to approval from other organisation as such which could give them further recognition and qualification in order to achieve greater vision and solidity as well as building trust and confidence for the company and its products. Having achieved the recognition from the organisations they can also benefit from less taxation, social and green branding and a higher level of understanding on recycling and the possible different ways possible to recycle. There are also many other types of UK/EU legislation and standards that can have influence on the industries improvement towards more sustainable earth: BS887 1: The specific standard BS887 1 is different from other standards because it does not teach or give instruction to the designers on how to design or seek the manufacturing process. The standard rather provides methodology for ordering the output of the process and maximises the possibility of the most efficient ways to manufacture, assemble and solve the problem of end of life for the product. The standard also focuses on the most efficient and cost effective ways to produce the design and the products. BS8900: This standard and legislation is based on the guidance provided to manage sustainable development and to make sure sustainable practise are taking place in the industry. The standard helps the company to grow and cut out un-necessary actions taking place in the company like bribery, abuse, oppression and corruptions, enabling the company to stand on integrity. ISO 14001: ISO 14001 is an environmental management system standard which fully focuses on the environment. ISO 14001 helps to promote the effective and efficient environmental management from the company. It also controls the management of energy, consumables and waste; enabling strict energy management system. This will help the company benefit from appropriate amount of energy being used for the corresponding purposes and limiting the level of carbon emissions into the atmosphere making it a more eco-friendly and sustainable company. ISO 14025: This standard addresses the procedures for creating environmental declarations and labels. This helps to make sure there are standardised logos which represent how green and eco-friendly the company or the manufacturer is. The standardised logos indicate the level of carbon footprint in a product and can help either gain the company a good image or a bad one depending on their performance and the stickers in the packaging. Designing a product for the environment and how it is contributing to the sustainability: Designing a product for the environment (DFE) process provides huge contributions towards making a business or a product highly sustainable and environmentally friendly. The objective of DFE in simple words is to reduce or prevent various different kinds of pollutions and also highlight the risks to humans and environment. DFE aims to improve products, processes and life cycle by approaching the design of the product it is also aimed to reduce the potential impacts the environment and humans may have to face or come up against. DFE applies its principles throughout the stage of its product life cycle focusing on making the steps more environmentally friendly and loss polluting hence resulting in cleaner and sustainable products. The direct result from implementation of DFE in the products life cycle can lead to prevention of various different kinds of pollution as well as reduction on the amount of toxic/ hazardous waste and chemical in the landfills. The picture above shows an example of a product life cycle which when under DFE legislation is focused in making the steps and their results more environmentally friendly and conservative. The extraction process of the raw materials is going to be the most energy consuming and time consuming process of all. This is where various sources are either dug or mined to retrieve the natural resources for the manufacturing process hence there is going to be large amount pollution and energy usage. However, this can be countered by making use of the recycling process heavily and by designing the product to be as recyclable as possible, hence less natural resources have to be destroyed for raw materials to make the products. During the process of manufacturing the various different kinds of production methods and techniques use different levels of energy and produce different levels of waste output. With the varying level of waste and usage it is hard to maintain and control the level of wastage for the manufacturing process however if the techniques and methods of manufacturing are used at its highest efficiency level the wastage is controlled to a limit and everything is controllable and manageable to a limit. Also using less dense material and energy efficient machinery can be vital during manufacturing to control the level of pollutants produced and to conserve the environment. Also by using local sourced raw material and making use of simple designs on the product it can help by a huge margin to control the level of carbon footprints produced and pollution being caused throughout the product life cycle. Making your sources locally based allows you to control the amount of pollutants emitted during the transportation phase the shorter the journey for the transportation the less the amount of carbon footprint emitted hence it helps a great deal to be able to source locally and produce your material from raw materials around you. Also choices can be made depending on the type of transportation chosen to export / transfer your product to the market, for e.g.: Transport through sea would probably cause less pollution than if chosen to transport through air or road. The usage period of the life cycle is when the product is operational and in use by the customer or the user. This is when the actual product that has been designed and manufactured is at it life cycle in the hand of the customer. However, there are also various ways which can help to make the product more sustainable and environmentally friendly one of them being the product is designed in a manner where it can be used more than once after it life span runs out for e.g. rechargeable batteries. Recycling is the step where the finished material at the end of their life cycle has an option to either become a useless waste / a pollutant to the environment or to be reused in either the same product or any other product being manufactured by the manufacturers. However, the step of recycling as well is affected with the mixture and materials being used in the product. A product with complex mixed materials would make it harder and the process of recycling longer to making it more harmful and un-sanitary for the environment. Also a simpler plain material would make it easier as well as less energy consuming to recycle the materials compared to a complex material which would have to be separated and grouped before the recycling process is applied to it. However, there are some products which cannot be recycled and need to be buried in landfills. Unless and until the buried product fully di composes and breaks down which it take a long time to it is not a sustainable method of end of life. Therefore, especially with products which cannot be recycled and need to be buried in the ground it is essential that there is no toxic material in the product which can harm the environment and the ecosystem where they are buried. 4 Methods to assess a product for their impacts on the environment: Method Description Advantage Disadvantage 1 Environmental impact assessment (EIA) Assess the possible impacts of a product towards the environmental, social and economic effects. Clearly shows you the negative impact on environment and sustainable issues. Only partial assessment is performed. 2 Environmental Impact of Products (EIPRO) Very research based analytical approach. Extremely detailed in its finding. Data received is accurate. Solutions for present and future problems can be accessed and planned. The impact the product has on the environment can be visualised before production. Very time consuming and financially not efficient enough. 3 Life cycle assessment (LCA) Assesses all the industrial system from acquiring raw materials right through to waste disposals. The environmental impact of the process can be measured at each stage of the cycle. Excellent results of environmental impact. Good comparison of results so that decision can be made to decide which method is best for the environment. Supports business strategy and research development Extremely costly. Extremely time consuming. 4 Publicly Available Specification PAS2050 Gives methodology to measure greenhouse gas emission throughout the products life cycle Benchmark to compare it with suppliers. Good image with the customer due to eco friendliness Could have a negative affect with the customers if the product isnt really eco-friendly. Reference and Bibliography http://www.bssa.org.uk/sectors.php?id=99. Last accessed 20 March 2015. Wrap org. (May 2010). Environment assessment of consumer electronic products. Available: http://www2.wrap.org.uk/downloads/Environmental_assessment_of_consumer_electronic_products.3d08bcb8.10214.pdf. Last accessed 13 March 2015. Standard Publications à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  BS8887-1 Design for Manufacture, Assembly, Disassembly and End of Life Processing à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   ISO 14040 Life Cycle Assessment Standard à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   ISO 14025 -Procedure of creating environmental declarations LFA. http://www.british-gypsum.com/about-us/sustainability/life-cycle-assessments Christina Goodrick. (March 2006). Design for waste minimisation within a food blender. Available: http://www.freepatentsonline.com/article/Science-Progress/159026488.html. Last accessed 13 March 2015. JEM. (May 2009). Adaptable design: concepts, methods, and application. 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